Tugas 2 - Softskill Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
Nama : Rose Iman Sari
Kelas : 4EA17
NPM : 16211462
ADVERB vs ADJECTIVE
Definition of Adverb :
An
adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverb, determiner,
noun phrase, clause, or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place,
time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as
how?, in what way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. This function is called
the adverbial function, and may be realised by single words (adverbs) or by
multi-word expressions (adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses).
Adverbs
are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. However, modern
linguists note that it has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all"
category, used to classify words with various different types of syntactic behavior,
not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of
the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.)
For example:
· * The dog quickly ran to his owner. The
word "quickly" describes and modifies the verb ran. It also answers
the question "how". How did the dog run? It ran "quickly".
· * He chewed slowly.
· * She dove deeply.
· * The mouse nervously scurried.
Functions of
an Adverb:
Adverbs typically add information about time(rarely, frequently, tomorrow), manner(slowly, quickly, willingly),
or place (here, there, everywhere)
in addition to a wide range of other meanings.
THE DIFFERENCE
An
adjective tells us more about a noun. Example: an expensive car, a clever girl
An
adverb tells us more about a verb. Example: He talked nervously.
There is a lot of difference between an adjective and adverb on
the basis of their usage and types. Adjective is a word that describes,
qualifies and identifies a noun or pronoun, whereas an adverb describes a verb,
adjective or other adverbs. An adjective usually, but not all the time, comes
before the noun or the pronoun which it describes.
For example: the leaves of that tree are yellow. Here yellow is
the adjective describing leaves (noun).
Basically
or broadly an adjective defines a noun and an adverb describes a verb.
Summary:
1.Adjective
is a word that describes, qualifies and identifies a noun or pronoun, whereas
an adverb describes a verb, adjective or other adverbs.
2.Adjective
modifies a pronoun but adverb modifies an adjective.
3.Adjective
comes before the noun or pronoun it describes.
Definition of Adjective :
Adjectives are descriptive words which are used
to add detail to a sentence. They can give important or necessary information
(e.g. Please hand me the blue paper), or they can just make the sentence more
interesting or detailed (e.g. A frigid, icy, painfully cold wind blew around
the town). Adjectives modify (describe) nouns.
Function of Adjective :
There
are two main uses of adjectives, namely describing and classifying.
a.
Describing Function/Descriptive Adjective
An adjective can be used to describe the quality of a noun. It helps
answer the question "what is X like?", where X is the noun. For
example,
·
The quick fox
jumps over the lazy dog. ('Quick' describes the fox. 'Lazy' describes the dog.)
Describing adjectives can be modified by adverbs of degree like 'very' or
'extremely'.
b.
Classifying Function/Limiting Adjective
An adjective can be
used to classify a noun. It indicates quantity, number or a limit to the word
it modifies. It helps answer the question "what is the type of X?",
where X is the noun. For example,
· These two British tourists know how to
speak Italian. ('British' tells us the 'type' (nationality) of the tourists.)
Classifying adjectives
cannot be modified by adverbs of degree like 'very' or 'extremely'.
· I prefer red wine to white wine. ('Very
red wine' and 'very white wine' are not acceptable, because 'red' and 'white'
function as classifying adjectives here.)
Adjective or adverb? In English most (but not all) adverbs have a different form
(spelling) than their corresponding adjective. It is important, therefore, that
you know whether you need an adjective or an adverb in the sentences you want
to say or write. Generally, adjectives are used to describe nouns and adverbs
are used with verbs to say how things are done. In the following
examples, the adjectives are red and the adverbs are blue:
- He's a beautiful singer.
- He sings beautifully.
- She's a very quick runner.
- She can run very quickly.
- He's a careless writer.
- He writes carelessly.
- She's a good worker.
- She works well.
Adverbs
modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You can recognize adverbs easily
because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective, though that is
not always the case.) The most common question that adverbs answer is how.
Let's
look at verbs first.
·
"She sang beautifully."
Beautifully is an adverb that modifies sang. It tells us how she sang.
·
"The cellist played
carelessly." Carelessly is an adverb that modifies played. It tells us how
the cellist played.
Adverbs
also modify adjectives and other adverbs.
·
"That woman is extremely
nice." Nice is an adjective that modifies the noun woman. Extremely is an
adverb that modifies nice; it tells us how nice she is. How nice is she? She's
extremely nice.
·
"It was a terribly hot
afternoon." Hot is an adjective that modifies the noun afternoon. Terribly
is an adverb that modifies the adjective hot. How hot is it? Terribly hot.
DEGREE
OF COMPARISON
Definition :
A
degree of comparison is a way to compare a person or thing either to one other
person or thing or to a group of people or things. There are three different
forms of a degree of comparison. The positive form is the basic, simplest form;
the comparative form is when two people or things are compared; and the
superlative form is when three or more people or things are compared. Degrees
of comparison are only used with adverbs and adjectives.
The
three different forms of comparison are the positive, the comparative
and the superlative. The positive is
the form of the adjective that describes one noun. The comparative form of the
adjective compares two nouns. The superlative form of the adjective compares
more than two nouns.
Look
the Examples. The adjectives are in italics :
·
Mercury is a large planet. (positive)
·
Earth is larger than Mercury (comparative)
·
Jupiter is the largest planet of all. (superlative)
Some adjectives change spelling in the comparative
and superlative forms when er and est are added respectively. If the adjective
in the positive form ends in y, the y is changed to i and the endings er or est
are added in the comparative and superlative. With a common adjective such as
big, the final g is doubled in the comparative and superlative forms before the
er and est are added.
Look
the Examples. The adjectives are in italics :
-
Big
Dolphin (positive)
-
Bigger
Dolphin (comparative)
-
Biggest
Dolphin (superlative)
If
an adjective has more than one syllable, the word more or less is placed in
front of the positive form of the adjective in the comparative form and the er
is not added. If the adjective has three or more syllables, the word most or
least is placed in front of the positive form of the adjective.
Look
the example below :
- Intelligent animal (Positive)
-
More Intelligent animal (Comparative)
-
Most Intelligent animal (Superlative)
Some
common adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. The table
below gives examples of the positive, comparative and superlative forms of
these adjectives.
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
Good
|
Better
|
Best
|
|
Bad
|
Worse
|
Worst
|
|
Little
|
Less
|
Least
|
|
Much, many, some
|
More
|
Most
|
|
Far
|
Further
|
Furthest
|
There are some adjectives that
aren't used in the comparative or the superlative
These
would include: absolute, adequate, chief, complete, devoid, entire, fatal,
final, ideal, impossible, inevitable, irrevocable, main, manifest, minor,
parmount, perpetual, preferable, principal, stationary, sufficient, unanimous,
unavoidable, unbroken, unique, universal, whole.
POSITIVE
DEGREE
The
Positive Degree is used to denote the mere existence of quality. The Positive
Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is
used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is
used when no comparison is made.
Examples
:
-
You cry as loud as my baby (kamu menangis sekeras bayiku).
-
I am not as handsome as my father (aku tidak seganteng ayahku).
-
Your smile is as sweet as mine (senyummu semanis senyumku).
-
She works as hard as her manager (dia bekerja sekeras managernya).
-
Life is not as difficult as you think (hidup itu tidak sesulit yang kamu
pikirkan)
COMPARATIVE
DEGREE
The
Comparative Degree is used to compare the qualities of two persons or
things.The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the
quality than the positive. It is used when two things (or two sets of things)
are compared.
Examples
:
-
Your car is bigger than mine (mobilmu lebih besar dari mobilku)
-
She can dive deeper than me (dia bisa menyelam lebih dalam daripada aku)
-
I am smarter than you (aku lebih pintar daripada kamu)
-
She drives better than me (dia menyetir dengan lebih baik daripada aku)
-
Jack can climb the cliff higher than the others (Jack bisa memanjat tebing itu
lebih tinggi daripada yang lain)
SUPERLATIVE
DEGREE
The
Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality.
It is used when more than two things are compared.
Examples
:
-
Komodo dragon is the biggest lizard in the world (Komodo adalah kadal terbesar
di dunia)
-
For me you are the most beautiful girl I have ever met (Bagiku kamu adalah gadis
tercantik yang pernah ku temui).
-
I will do my best to help you (Aku akan melakukan yang terbaik untuk
membantumu)
-
Our company delivers the fastest of your goods (Perusahaan kami mengantar Anda
yang paling cepat).
-
You must try the most spiciest condiment in this restaurant (Kamu harus coba
sambal yang paling pedas di restoran ini)
The
Superlative Degree is used when more than two nouns or things are compared.
·
Johnsy is kind (Positive Degree)
·
Johnsy is kinder than Rosy (Comparative
Degree)
·
Johnsy is the kindest of all
(Superlative Degree)
SUMBER
:
